Tuesday, August 28, 2012
Friendship
1 Advice-Take care, 1 Request-Don't change, 1 Wish Don't forget me, 1 Lie-I Hate You, 1 Truth-I Miss U, 1 Hope-We will always be Good Friends
Friendship
1 day my brain asked me "why r u sending msgs 2 tht person who is not msgn u?" but my little heart said 2 brain" u need msg i need friend."
Friendship
Lovly quote 2 all my frnds: Hurt me, Tease me, Make me cry, But in the end of my life, when i die plz ATLEAST keep 1 rose on my grave & say "STUPID I MISS U"
Friendship
People like U are found only once in a lifetime. So U better take care of yourself because I don t want to waste another lifetime to find a such a SWEET Friend
Friendship
Good Friends are like software. They enter ur life; scan ur problems; edit ur tensions; download ur solutions; delete ur worries and save u in their heart!
Jokes
Lady On Phone.. Hi Sir, I want To Meet & Talk To u. U Are The father Of 1 Of My Kids. Man Stunnd...Omg! R U Riya No Anu? No Pari? No Jasi? No Lady in confusion No Sir.. I am The Class Teacher Of Ur Son.
Coool
Wife : I hate that beggar. Husband : Why? Wife : Rascal, yesterday I gave him food today he gave me a book "How to Cook" !!
Cool
Teacher: Why are you late? Student: There was a man who lost a hundred dollar bill. Teacher: That's nice. Were you helping him look for it? Student: No. I was standing on it.
Cool
Lady On Phone.. Hi Sir, I want To Meet & Talk To u. U Are The father Of 1 Of My Kids. Man Stunnd...Omg! R U Riya No Anu? No Pari? No Jasi? No Lady in confusion No Sir.. I am The Class Teacher Of Ur Son.
Jokes
Wife : I hate that beggar. Husband : Why? Wife : Rascal, yesterday I gave him food today he gave me a book "How to Cook" !!
Jokes
Teacher: Why are you late? Student: There was a man who lost a hundred dollar bill. Teacher: That's nice. Were you helping him look for it? Student: No. I was standing on it.
Monday, August 27, 2012
Fool
Fill d blanks wid YES / NO / Ok 1) ..... I am not human. 2) ..... I don't have a brain 3) ..... I don't have any sense 4) ..... I am stupid Rply is must.
Coolll
10 advantages of not having a "LOVER".. 1.save time. 2.can sleep well. 3.Don't hav 2 bother abt missed calls.. 4.Don't hav to worry abt how u look.. 5.Can eat in any restaurant.. 6.No boring sms in the middle of night.. 7.Can talk with all gals.. 8.U won't hear "aaw.. U r dull today. 9.Can go anywhere with any one.. 10.Don't hav 2 listen same old crap jokes..
Cool
Know what makes me happy wen u msg me? Not ur Jokes, Graphics or sweet msgs but ur NAME that "APPEARS" on the cell when it beeps knowing that u remember me.
Coollll
3 tips 2 play a safe life game : dnt make promises whn ur in joy, dont talk wen u r sad, dnt take decision wen u r angry . Think twice, act wise . . . Gdmrng
Cool
Do not leave all ur work and read this msg U can read dis msg after some time dis msg is not a joke & dis sms is not so important also there is nothing to tell in dis msg I know dis msg is very long but It has no value I do not know why U R reading dis msg so interestingly I sent dis msg only 4 time pass I think U R angry wid me but wat to do I also got dis msg 4m someone So I am sending U Now U R thinking of sending It 2 others Now Its ur Turn!
Cool
I Searchd many shops to buy the best chocolate 4 u. But, I did'nt find any chocolate sweeter than YOU n ur Smile... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Next joke tomorrow at same time..:P
Coollll
Impossibilities in the world: 1. U can't count your hair. 2. U can't wash your eyes with soap. 3. U can't breath when your tongue is out. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Please put your tongue back inside. 5. You look stupid :P
Magic
Maths Magic: Ur cell number's last digit x 2 + 5 x 50 + ur AGE + 365 & - 615. The last 2 numbrr is ur age & 1st numbrr is ur cell's last no. TRY
Cool
Golden Facts of Life:-When someone loves U, U dont realise it...When U realise it, Its too late, U always love the one who leaves U & Leave the one who loves U...
Cooooollll
I________You 1.Want 2.Love 3.Care For 4.Need 5.Hate 6.Kill 7.Help 8.Miss 9.Will Be With 10.Forget 11.Like 12.Slap Fill Any 1 For Me,Reply With Reason..?&Send To Me..*..
Jokes
Wife : I hate that beggar. Husband : Why? Wife : Rascal, yesterday I gave him food today he gave me a book "How to Cook" !!
Medical jokes
Father: (at hospital looking through glass at newly arrived babies) "Kitchy kitchy koo. Look, she smiled... isn't she adorable?" Friend: "But your kid didn't smile." Father: "I was talking about the nurse."
Jokes
Doctor: Well, I have good news and bad news. Patient: Go with the good news first. Doctor: You have 24 hours to live. Patient: What?! How about the bad news? Doctor: I forgot to call you yesterday.
Fart jokes
The teacher asked little Johnny to use the word " definitely " in a sentence. Little Johnny replies, "Teacher, do farts have lumps in them?" The Teacher says, "Of course not Johnny," To which Johnny replies, "Then I have definitely s**t my pants".
Fart jokes
Doctor, "What seems to be the problem?" Patient, "Doc, I've got the farts. I mean I fart all the time," The Doctor nods, "Hmm." Patient, "My farts do not stink and you can't hear them. It's just that I fart all the time. Look, we've been talking here for about 10 minutes and I've farted five times. You didn't hear them and you don't smell them, do you?" "Hmm," says the Doctor, He picks up his pad and writes out a prescription. The patient is thrilled "Great doc. This prescription, will it really clear up my farts?" "No," sighs the Doctor, "The prescription is to clear your sinuses. Next week I want you back here for a hearing test."
Jokes
In a bar: 1 Guy says to another - "I kissed your mom last night" Whole bar was waiting for the other Guy's response !! . . . . He laughs and says . ... . . . Lets go home dad, U are drunk now :)
Bar jokes
A man went to a bar.. Man: 1 vodka plz.. Bartender- Rs. 5 sir Man: What.. Can I have a kabab? Bartender: Sure sir. Only Rs. 7 Man: Wow, thtz really cheap.. Can I meet the owner? Bartender: No sir, he z busy wid my gf. Man: what is he doin wid ur gf? Bartender: The same thing I'm doin to his business.. ;) :D :D
Jokes
A dude walks into a bar and says to the bartender : "I want a 12 years old scotch, and don't try to fool me because I can tell the difference." The bartender is sceptical and decides to try to trick the man with a 5 year old scotch. The man takes a sip, scowls and says : "Hey - Bartender, this crap is 5 years old scotch. - I told you that I wanted a 12 years old." The bartender won't give and tries once more this time with a 8 year scotch. The man takes a sip, grimaces and says : "Bartender, I do not want 8 years old scotch like this filth. Gi'me a 12-years old scotch or ill leave !" Impressed, the bartender gives him the 12-year scotch on the house, the man takes a sip and sighs, " Ah, now that's the real thing. " A disgusting, ugly, grimy, stinking drunk has been watching all this with great interest. He stumbles over and sets a glass down in front of the man and says. : "Hey, I think that's really far out what you can do. Try this one."... The man takes a sip and immediately spits out the liquid and cries, "Yechhh! This stuff tastes like piss!" The drunk's eyes light up and he says, "Yeah sure, now how old am I ?"
Jokess
Brilliant Boy went 2 girl home wid a rose 2 propose her. He pressd bell. But her Dad opend d door Boy :"Uncle plz support ANNA HAZARE"
Jokes
A management student hugs a girl.. girl: what is this? Boy: direct marketing. *girl slaps the boy* Boy:what is this? Girl: customer feed back!
Boys vs girls
Boy:- Nice Dress! Girl:- Thanks. Boy:- Nice Earing! Girl:- Thanks. Boy:- Nice Shoes! Girl:- Thanks. Boy:- Nice Lipstick! Girl(irritated):- Thanks Brother! Boy:- But Still You Look Damn Ugly..!!
Men will b men
Perfect Boyfriend- . Girl- I forgot my purse at home & I need Rs.2000 urgently. Please give me. . Boy- Take Rs.20, go home and bring your purse. . Men wil b men
Jokes
2 Lovers plan to suicide. Boy jumped first, Girl closed her eyes & returned back saying love is blind. Boy in air opened his parachute saying love never dies.
Jokes
A Small Boy Took A Knife And Wrote His Girlfriend’s Name 0n His Hand.. After A Minute He Started Crying Loudly.. Why ??? . . Paining ??? . . No !! . . Then ??? . . Spelling Mistake !!!
Talent!
Wat is d diff between Problem & Talent? 2 boys love 1 girl = Problem! 1 boy loves 2 girls = Talent!
Boys vs girls
BOy To Girl: I Can Make U Say "I LOVE U" Girl : No Wayyy !! BOy : Bet?? GIrl : Yes BOy : Ok Start ... Say Blue? Girl : Blue BOy : Say Pink? Girl : Pink BOy : Say Love? Girl : Love BOy : Whats 1+1? Girl : 2 BOy : Ur Age? GIrl : 18 BOy : Hahaha... I TOld U I Cud Make U Say 18!! GIrl : No, U Said U Cud Make Me Say I LOVE U BOy : Yes I Did :D :D :D !!!
Jokes
Dr: Do exercise daily for good health Boy: sir i play football cricket and tennis daily. Dr: how long do you play? Boy : until d battery in my mobile goes down. =D
Jokes
Cat: How old are u? Elephant: 5 years old Cat: But u look so big Elephant: I am a complan boy Elephant: How old u are Cat: 30 years old Elephant:but u look very small . . . . Cat:Ponds Age Miracle
Jokes
LKG Teacher: If U tell 1-10 without any mistake den I will give U one kiss. LKG Boy: If I count 1-100, Do U have any better Package....!!!
Jokesss
Newly married husbnd savd wife's nmbr on mobile as "MY LIFE" Aftr 1yr:"MY WIFE" 5yrs:"HOME" 10Yrs:"HITLER" 25Yrs: "WRONG NUMBER"!
Sunday, August 26, 2012
Good ni8
We always worry about our looks . But the truth is that they neither matter to those who love us nor to those who don't love us . GOOD NITE
Life
Being good is very difficult, it like being a goalkeeper . No matter how many u save it, but people always remember how many u missed.
Jokessssssssss
A blonde gets home early frm shoppng n hears strange noises coming frm d bedrm. She rushes upstairs to find her husband naked on d bed,sweatng n pantng. Whats up?she asks. I m havng a heart attack,cries d husband. The blonde rushes dwnstairs to grab d phone,bt jst as she's diallng, her four yr son comes up n says, mummy!mummy!aunt Shirley is hidng in ur closet,n she's got no clothes on! The blonde slams d phone dwn n storms upstairs into d bedrm,rt past her husband,n rips open d closet door. Sure enough,there is her sister,totally naked n cowering on the closet floor. U rotten Bitch,she screams. My husband's havng a hrt attk n u r running around naked scaring the kids!haha
Good morning
Open da window, dazzle da Sun wid ur bright eyes, let ur hair shade da skies, let ur glow light up da world, let ur lips lend color 2 roses. Let the world wake up 2 dis GOOD MORNING.
Cooolllll
What is the difference between PROBLEM. TALENT. .AND. KISMAT? 2boys love 1 girl=problem. 1 boy love 2 girl=talent. 2girl love 1 boy=kismat.
Saturday, August 25, 2012
Cooooolllllllll
STRESS TEST: Few questions lets find how stressed u r? Q1)Whch mouse has 2 legs? . . . Ans:Mickey mouse! . Q2)Whch duck has 2 legs? . . . . . . . . . If ur answr is Donald duck,den u R realy stresed cuz al ducks hav 2 legs!:p So chil out
Coolllll
Full Form Of BOYS? 'B'uffalo 'O'f 'Y'outh 'S'ociety.. GIRL means? 'G'lories 'I'n 'R'eal 'L'ife.. Send to All Sweet girls & buffalo boys.
Coooool
What is the difference between PROBLEM. TALENT. .AND. KISMAT? 2boys love 1 girl=problem. 1 boy love 2 girl=talent. 2girl love 1 boy=kismat.
Jokes
A blonde gets home early frm shoppng n hears strange noises coming frm d bedrm. She rushes upstairs to find her husband naked on d bed,sweatng n pantng. Whats up?she asks. I m havng a heart attack,cries d husband. The blonde rushes dwnstairs to grab d phone,bt jst as she's diallng, her four yr son comes up n says, mummy!mummy!aunt Shirley is hidng in ur closet,n she's got no clothes on! The blonde slams d phone dwn n storms upstairs into d bedrm,rt past her husband,n rips open d closet door. Sure enough,there is her sister,totally naked n cowering on the closet floor. U rotten Bitch,she screams. My husband's havng a hrt attk n u r running around naked scaring the kids!haha
Good morning
The Basic Fact of Relation betwen "GOD" & "human" GOD: Give, Give, Give & "Forgive" Human: Get, Get, Get & "Forget" "Good morning"
Coolll
Impossibilities in the world 1- you cant count your hair 2- you cant wash your eyes with soap 3- you cant breathe when your tongue is out 4- please put your tongue inside Stop acting like a dog =))
Coollll
Impossibilities in the world 1- you cant count your hair 2- you cant wash your eyes with soap 3- you cant breathe when your tongue is out 4- please put your tongue inside Stop acting like a dog =))
Cooooooooool
Heart surgery unit k bahar likha tha . "Agar dil khol lete apne yaro k saath, To aaj kholna na padta Auzaro k saath" sharing life with friends.
Friends
Mobiles are irritating! Daily charging! Monthly recharging! Annoying beeps always disturbing! But still I love my mobile becoz it connects "U & me"
Friends
Excellent lines by a Friend: I have no words 2 Xplain my friendship, Bcoz, I have Got Amazing PerSon Who can Understand Even My Silence !
Romantic love
You can count the stars.. You can count the sands of the sea.. But you can't count the love that I have for you..
Romantic love
A part of you has grown in me.. So you see, its me and you together forever.. Never apart..maybe in distance but never in heart..
Loveeee
f yOu LovE sOmeth nq Let t qo .. f t cOmEs bAck tO yOu t's yOurs .. f t dOes nOt .. t nEvEr wAs .. And ts nOt mEanT tO bE .. qEwd n te .. CwE te dReamZz .. TakE cAre .. M ss yOu ..
Love
The ultimate measure of love is not when both the people like each other, It's when one ignores and the other continues loving till the very end".
Love
When A Guy Decides That He Wants To Be Your Best friend, More Than Your Boyfriend, It means That He Is Afraid Of Losing U!!
Jokes
Strange Life: A Cockroach is afraid of Rat; Rat is afraid of Cat; Cat is afraid of Dog; Dog is afraid of Man; Man is afraid of Woman; And Woman is afraid of Cockroach!
Jokes
A New elemnt Added 2 the Periodic Table Name : wife Symbol : wi Atomic Weight : Don't Even Dare 2 Ask! Physical Proprties : Boils at Anytime, Can Freeze at Anytime, Melts if Handled with Love & Care, Very Bitter if Mishandled.! Chemical Proprties: Very Reactive, Highly Unstable, Posses Strong Affinity 4 Gold, Platinm, Clothes & Othr Precious Items, Money Reducing Agent, Volatile when left Alone. Occurance: Mostly found in front of mirror
Jokessss
Interviwer: Tell any idea to aviod train accidents Crack: To put speed brakers on the track
Friday, August 24, 2012
Love tipss
I want to say "I like you" I want to say "I need you" I want to say "I love you" I want to say "I adore you" And, i want to say "You are my everything" I want to say "I care about you" I want to say "I understand you" I want to say "I'll never leave you" I want to say "I am here for you" And, I want to say "You are my everything" But, I can't It's a secret
Sad:...(...
It is Possible to Cross an Ocean Without Wetting Legs. But It is Impossible to Cross the Life Without Wetting Your Eyes.
Life:..(...::.....)
When God gives us 'NO' for an answer Keep in mind that there is a much greater 'YES' behind it. His 'NO' is not a 'REJECTION', But a 'REDIRECTION'
Life.....
A Great Proverb Which Really Makes U Think.. "Day By Day Nothing Changes, But When U Look Back, Everything Is Different." Thats Life
Life:..(.:....)...
"Life is not a music player to listen ur favorite songs." It is a radio, u must adjust urself to every frequency and enjoy whatever comes in it.
USA fact
New York's Empire State Building, a National Historic Landmark, is one of the world's tallest buildings.
Love....
People don't come with "Clear History" button, so you have to accept a person's past if you want to be in their future.
Jokezzzzzz
An indian farmer walking through his field notices a foreigner drinking water from a pond, with his hand. The farmer shouts, 'Arre baba, woh paani mat peena. Usme gayein or suwar sandas karte hai har roz ! The man shouts back, 'I'm a foreigner, I don't understand your bloody gibberish language Speak English, you bloody Indian idiot!' The farmer shouts back in English, 'Use two hands, u can drink more!' :p
Funny(((((:)))))
Strange Life: A Cockroach is afraid of Rat; Rat is afraid of Cat; Cat is afraid of Dog; Dog is afraid of Man; Man is afraid of Woman; And Woman is afraid of Cockroach!
Funny....:))))))
A New elemnt Added 2 the Periodic Table Name : wife Symbol : wi Atomic Weight : Don't Even Dare 2 Ask! Physical Proprties : Boils at Anytime, Can Freeze at Anytime, Melts if Handled with Love & Care, Very Bitter if Mishandled.! Chemical Proprties: Very Reactive, Highly Unstable, Posses Strong Affinity 4 Gold, Platinm, Clothes & Othr Precious Items, Money Reducing Agent, Volatile when left Alone. Occurance: Mostly found in front of mirror
Coolll
Define a woman. Ans- Sum1 who talks for HOURS while standing at the door, but won't come in or sit Bcz .. she is geting late.
top 10 hair styles
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top 10 health tips
Do you think that “Top 10 Health Tips” and “Top 10 Beauty tips” are two different things? You must be wondering that why on a website for beauty tips we have an article on health tips. This is because these two topics are not different but they are interlinked. If you have a healthy body you will look beautiful. You must be trying different salons and spa to look beautiful. Being healthy is being beautiful. You need to cure your heath from within to look beautiful.
You must be busy in taking care of your skin, hair, hands, feet separately. But you must not forget to abide by the Top 10 Health Tips to look beautiful. By following these steps you will have a healthy mind and body. This will in a way result in a beautiful look. The Top 10 Health Tips are mentioned below. This will help you to get a beautiful look from inside and outside:
Balanced Diet
It is necessary for you to have a balanced diet to get a beautiful look. A diet is called balanced when it has the right amount of fiber and nutrients. The diet should be low on fat. Have enough fruits and vegetables daily. The food that you consume must be of the right proportion. The right amount of food in necessary for a healthy body and a beautiful look. Consult a dietician and know the exact amount of calories which you should intake in a day. Make sure that your diet should not be less in nutrition or vitamins.
It is necessary for you to have a balanced diet to get a beautiful look. A diet is called balanced when it has the right amount of fiber and nutrients. The diet should be low on fat. Have enough fruits and vegetables daily. The food that you consume must be of the right proportion. The right amount of food in necessary for a healthy body and a beautiful look. Consult a dietician and know the exact amount of calories which you should intake in a day. Make sure that your diet should not be less in nutrition or vitamins.
Consume different varieties of food
History says in the Ancient Indian Science, consumption of a variety of food helps to get a beautiful body and it cures illness too. Make a habit to eat fruits and vegetables of different colors everyday. The different variety of food should be changed every three months. Remember to eat an apple daily. The apple pectin helps to clean the digestive system. The toxins are removed and it prevents cancer.
History says in the Ancient Indian Science, consumption of a variety of food helps to get a beautiful body and it cures illness too. Make a habit to eat fruits and vegetables of different colors everyday. The different variety of food should be changed every three months. Remember to eat an apple daily. The apple pectin helps to clean the digestive system. The toxins are removed and it prevents cancer.
Breakfast is a must
Have you ever wondered why some people stay much healthy and fit than you. They must not put on much weight too. The reason behind this is that they take a heavy breakfast which you might not take. You should never skip a breakfast. The long gap of no consumption of food affects your health very badly. Our breakfast always comprises of healthy foods and it adds lot of nutrition to our body. The positive effects of breakfast are mentioned below:
Have you ever wondered why some people stay much healthy and fit than you. They must not put on much weight too. The reason behind this is that they take a heavy breakfast which you might not take. You should never skip a breakfast. The long gap of no consumption of food affects your health very badly. Our breakfast always comprises of healthy foods and it adds lot of nutrition to our body. The positive effects of breakfast are mentioned below:
- It helps to reduce weight.
- The body gets enough nutrients daily.
- Breakfasts are generally rich in fiber and wholegrain. This in a way help in curing metabolic disorders. Blood pressure, obesity, cholesterol are all controlled by having a nutritious breakfast.
- Your breakfast must have fresh fruits, hard boiled egg, fruit juice and whole grain cereals.
- A good breakfast also helps to stay stress free.
Water is important
Drinking 7-8 glasses of water will help you to wash away the impurities and toxic material from the body. This will help you to get healthy skin and hair. Dehydration results in lethargy and tiredness. The water helps in the fluid circulation in the body. This way you will get rid of the impurities of the body easily.
Drinking 7-8 glasses of water will help you to wash away the impurities and toxic material from the body. This will help you to get healthy skin and hair. Dehydration results in lethargy and tiredness. The water helps in the fluid circulation in the body. This way you will get rid of the impurities of the body easily.
Exercise helps a lot
Exercise will help you to get a healthy body and mind. You would have definitely dreamt of a six packs abs. The perfect figure will help you to wear any dresses of your choice. If you are a female then you have dreamt to have a sexy figure like the models. To get a perfect figure you must exercise regularly. It might not be possible to exercise for more than one hour everyday. In that case exercise for 15-20 minutes daily. This will also help you to get the prefect figure and your skin and hair will glow too.
Exercise will help you to get a healthy body and mind. You would have definitely dreamt of a six packs abs. The perfect figure will help you to wear any dresses of your choice. If you are a female then you have dreamt to have a sexy figure like the models. To get a perfect figure you must exercise regularly. It might not be possible to exercise for more than one hour everyday. In that case exercise for 15-20 minutes daily. This will also help you to get the prefect figure and your skin and hair will glow too.
If you find that doing exercise or going to the gym might not be your cup of tea, then you should go for swimming, aerobic classes, local dance classes. At the most you can go for a walk in the morning too.
The physical exercise will help you to make you beautiful from inside and outside.
Say No to tobacco
If you want to stay healthy and young you will have to give up smoking. You must have read about the side effects of tobacco in magazines, newspapers and different books. The bottom line is that tobacco kills. Tobacco will also let different diseases attack you. So, if you are in a habit of smoking then give away the habit. On the other hand if you are a non smoker then never get into smoking. Quit smoking, stay healthy!
If you want to stay healthy and young you will have to give up smoking. You must have read about the side effects of tobacco in magazines, newspapers and different books. The bottom line is that tobacco kills. Tobacco will also let different diseases attack you. So, if you are in a habit of smoking then give away the habit. On the other hand if you are a non smoker then never get into smoking. Quit smoking, stay healthy!
Avoid stress
Avoiding stress is difficult. But it can be tried too. Stress leads to different diseases and your life gets miserable. Balance work and home. Do not do things which you dislike a lot. Spend at least half an hour everyday doing the things that you love doing. Enjoy your weekends with friends and family. If you like traveling then spend some time to visit the nearest holiday spot with your near and dear ones.
Avoiding stress is difficult. But it can be tried too. Stress leads to different diseases and your life gets miserable. Balance work and home. Do not do things which you dislike a lot. Spend at least half an hour everyday doing the things that you love doing. Enjoy your weekends with friends and family. If you like traveling then spend some time to visit the nearest holiday spot with your near and dear ones.
Whatever makes you happy, involve in those. This way you can be distress. Remember that a stress less life is a happy life.
Teeth are important
Always remember that teeth are very important for you. You need to take care of your gums very carefully. Gums get infected very fast. You need to brush your teeth twice every day. Avoid sweets to get a healthy gum. Wash your mouth carefully to get healthy gums. Remember that at times gum infections can get very dangerous too.
Always remember that teeth are very important for you. You need to take care of your gums very carefully. Gums get infected very fast. You need to brush your teeth twice every day. Avoid sweets to get a healthy gum. Wash your mouth carefully to get healthy gums. Remember that at times gum infections can get very dangerous too.
A good sleep is required
You need to sleep well to get a good health. Everyday you must get a sleep of 7-8 hours. If you sleep less then you might have hormonal imbalance. You must get uninterrupted sleep to have a smooth metabolic system. If you are not getting an uninterrupted sleep then you should avoid the followings:
You need to sleep well to get a good health. Everyday you must get a sleep of 7-8 hours. If you sleep less then you might have hormonal imbalance. You must get uninterrupted sleep to have a smooth metabolic system. If you are not getting an uninterrupted sleep then you should avoid the followings:
- Never intake alcohol before sleeping.
- Before going to bed do not consume tea, coffee or chocolates as they are stimulants.
- The sleeping habit should be regularized.
- Your bedroom should be clean and tidy. The decor that you use should be soothing.
- The daytime nap should be shorter.
- Try to meditate and have a stress less life.
The brain should be active
As we all know that empty mind is a devil’s workshop. So, don’t be ideal. Always engage yourself in something or the other. Get new ideas to do new things. Boredom is really boring. So get a life. This way you will add to your beautiful looks too. If you do not have much work to do, then try out the following things. They might help you:
As we all know that empty mind is a devil’s workshop. So, don’t be ideal. Always engage yourself in something or the other. Get new ideas to do new things. Boredom is really boring. So get a life. This way you will add to your beautiful looks too. If you do not have much work to do, then try out the following things. They might help you:
- Try and play a new musical instrument.
- A new language can be learnt.
- Solve crossword puzzle.
- Call your friend to play scrabble.
- Attain discussions and forums.
- Write blogs and update your account.
- Make a new career.
- Read unfamiliar books.
- Try out a new hobby.
- Be connected to the world and see what is happening.
These are few ways you can make yourself beautiful. The Top 10 Health Tips will help you to get beautiful internally and externally. Try these beauty tips to glow and shine.
top 10 jokes
#1 Jokes
A Sardar Doctor and Pundit loved same girl.
Pundit started giving an apple to the girl everyday.
Sardar Doctor asked: WHY ??
Pundit: An apple a day keeps the doctor away!
#2 Jokes
Santa has to sell his dog. Banta wants to buy it.
Banta: Is this dog faithful ?
Santa: Yes, I have sold it 3 times earlier also. It is so faithful, everytime it returned back to me.
#3 Jokes
Yoga teacher to a woman: Has yoga any effect over your husband’s drinking habit?
Woman: Yes, An Amazing Funny Effect !! Now he drinks the whole bottle standing upside down over his head.
#4 Jokes
My sweet girlfriend had habit of biting her fingernails. She started doing YOGA to treat the problem. Soon her finger-nails started growing normally.
Seeing this, I asked if yoga had totally cured her problem.
“No,” she replied with a funny sweet smile, “but now I can reach my toe-nails so I bite them instead.”
#5 Jokes
A dog thinks: My owners feed me, love me, provide me with a nice house, and take good care of me… They must be gods!
A cat thinks: My owners feed me, love me, provide me with a nice house and take good care of me…
I must be a god!
I must be a god!
#6 Jokes
A Very Funny beautiful girl was a college student.
Once Very Funny Girl comes late to class.
Teacher: Why are you late?
Very Funny Girl : One boy was following me, sir.
Teacher: So, What?
Very Funny Girl : That boy was walking very slow.
#7 Jokes
Judge asks a little Kid: Now that your parents are getting divorced do you want to live with your mummy?
Kid: No, my mummy beats me.
Judge: Well then, I guess you want to live with your daddy.
Kid: No, my daddy beats me too.
Judge: Well then, who do you want to live with?
Kid: I want to live with the Indian Cricket team, they never beat anybody !!!
#8 Jokes
Santa & Banta got tired using mobile cell phones. For a change, they decided to use pigeons to send sweet messages. And this hilarious scheme worked very fine.
One day Santa sends his pigeon.
Banta sees, the pigeon is without any message. He picks his mobile and asks Santa: The pigeon is without any sweet message.
Santa: Oye khotey, that was a missed call.
#9 Jokes
Angry Boss: Have you ever seen an owl?
Employee: (looking down) No Sir…
Boss: Don’t look down. Look at me.
#10 Jokes
Boyfriend: Do you think my salary is sufficient for you?
Funny Girlfriend: It is sufficient for me, but how will you survive?
life history of BARACK OBAMA
Barack Obama
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Barack" and "Obama" redirect here. For other uses, see Barak (disambiguation) and Obama (disambiguation). For President Obama's father, the Kenyan economist, see Barack Obama, Sr.
| Barack Obama | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 44th President of the United States | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 20, 2009 | |
| Vice President | Joe Biden |
| Preceded by | George W. Bush |
| United States Senator from Illinois | |
| In office January 3, 2005 – November 16, 2008 | |
| Preceded by | Peter Fitzgerald |
| Succeeded by | Roland Burris |
| Member of the Illinois Senate from the 13th District | |
| In office January 8, 1997 – November 4, 2004 | |
| Preceded by | Alice Palmer |
| Succeeded by | Kwame Raoul |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Barack Hussein Obama II August 4, 1961 [1] Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.[2] |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Michelle Robinson (1992–present) |
| Children | Malia (born 1998) Sasha (born 2001) |
| Residence | White House (Official) Chicago, Illinois (Private) |
| Alma mater | Occidental College Columbia College (B.A.) Harvard Law School (J.D.) |
| Profession | Community organizer Lawyer Constitutional law professor Author |
| Religion | Christianity[3] |
| Awards | Nobel Peace Prize |
| Signature |  |
| Website | barackobama.com |
 | This article is part of a series on Barack Obama |
|---|---|
Barack Hussein Obama II (
i/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is thefirst African American to hold the office.
i/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is thefirst African American to hold the office.
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional lawat the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004, running unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives in 2000.
Several events brought Obama to national attention during his 2004 campaign to represent the state of Illinois in the United States Senate in 2004, including his victory in the March 2004 Illinois Democratic primary and his keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. He won the Senate election in November 2004, serving until his resignation following his 2008 presidential election victory. His presidential campaign began in February 2007, and after a close campaign in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries against Hillary Rodham Clinton, he won his party's nomination. In the 2008 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee John McCain, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In April 2011, he announced that he would be running for re-election in 2012.
As president, Obama signed economic stimulus legislation in the form of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 in response to the 2007–2009 recession in the United States. Other major domestic policy initiatives include the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010, and the Budget Control Act of 2011. In foreign policy, Obama ended US military involvement in the Iraq War, increased troop levels in Afghanistan, signed the New START arms control treaty with Russia, ordered U.S. military involvement in Libya, and ordered the military operation that resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden. In May 2012, he became the first sitting U.S. president to publicly support legalizing same-sex marriage.
Contents[hide] |
Early life and career
Main article: Early life and career of Barack Obama
Obama was born on August 4, 1961, at Kapiʻolani Maternity & Gynecological Hospital (now Kapiʻolani Medical Center for Women and Children) in Honolulu, Hawaii,[2][4][5] and is the first President to have been born in Hawaii.[6] His mother, Stanley Ann Dunham, was born in Wichita, Kansas, and was of mostly English ancestry,[7] along with Scottish, Irish, German, and Swiss.[8][9][10][11][12] His father, Barack Obama, Sr., was a Luo fromNyang’oma Kogelo, Nyanza Province, Kenya. Obama's parents met in 1960 in a Russian class at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, where his father was a foreign student on scholarship.[13][14] The couple married in Wailuku on Maui on February 2, 1961,[15][16] separated when Obama's mother moved with her newborn son to Seattle, Washington in late August 1961 to attend the University of Washington for one year, while Obama Sr. completed his undergraduate economics degree in Hawaii in June 1962 then left to attend graduate school at Harvard University on a scholarship, and were divorced in March 1964.[17] Obama Sr. returned to Kenya in 1964 and remarried, visiting Barack in Hawaii only once, in 1971.[18] He died in an automobile accident in 1982.[19]
In 1963, Dunham met Lolo Soetoro, an Indonesian East–West Center graduate student in geography at the University of Hawaii, and the couple were married on Molokai on March 15, 1965.[20]After two one-year extensions of his J-1 visa, Lolo returned to Indonesia in 1966, followed sixteen months later by his wife and stepson in 1967, with the family initially living in a Menteng Dalam neighborhood in the Tebet subdistrict of south Jakarta, then from 1970 in a wealthier neighborhood in the Menteng subdistrict of central Jakarta.[21] From ages six to ten, Obama attended local Indonesian-language schools: St. Francis of Assisi Catholic School for two years and Besuki Public School from one and half years, supplemented by English-language Calvert School home schooling by his mother.[22] Obama went by the name Barry Soetoro during his time in Indonesia.
In 1971, Obama returned to Honolulu to live with his maternal grandparents, Madelyn and Stanley Dunham, and with the aid of a scholarship attendedPunahou School, a private college preparatory school, from fifth grade until his graduation from high school in 1979.[23] Obama lived with his mother and sister in Hawaii for three years from 1972 to 1975 while his mother was a graduate student in anthropology at the University of Hawaii.[24] Obama chose to stay in Hawaii with his grandparents for high school at Punahou when his mother and sister returned to Indonesia in 1975 to begin anthropology field work.[25] His mother spent most of the next two decades in Indonesia, divorcing Lolo in 1980 and earning a Ph.D. in 1992, before dying in 1995 in Hawaii following treatment for ovarian cancer and uterine cancer.[26]
Of his early childhood, Obama recalled, "That my father looked nothing like the people around me—that he was black as pitch, my mother white as milk—barely registered in my mind."[14] He described his struggles as a young adult to reconcile social perceptions of his multiracial heritage.[27] Reflecting later on his years in Honolulu, Obama wrote: "The opportunity that Hawaii offered—to experience a variety of cultures in a climate of mutual respect—became an integral part of my world view, and a basis for the values that I hold most dear."[28] Obama has also written and talked about using alcohol,marijuana, and cocaine during his teenage years to "push questions of who I was out of my mind".[29] Obama was also member of the "choom gang", a self named group of friends that spent time together and occasionally smoked marijuana. [30] At the 2008 Civil Forum on the Presidency, Obama expressed regret for his high-school drug use.[31]
Following high school, Obama moved to Los Angeles in 1979 to attend Occidental College. In February 1981, he made his first public speech, calling for Occidental to divest from South Africa in response to its policy of apartheid.[32] In mid-1981, Obama traveled to Indonesia to visit his mother and sister Maya, and visited the families of college friends in Pakistan and India for three weeks.[32] Later in 1981, he transferred to Columbia University in New York City, where he majored in political science with a specialty in international relations[33] and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1983. He worked for a year at the Business International Corporation,[34] then at the New York Public Interest Research Group.[35][36]
Chicago community organizer and Harvard Law School
Two years after graduating, Obama was hired in Chicago as director of the Developing Communities Project (DCP), a church-based community organization originally comprising eight Catholic parishes in Roseland, West Pullman, and Riverdale on Chicago's South Side. He worked there as a community organizer from June 1985 to May 1988.[36][37] He helped set up a job training program, a college preparatory tutoring program, and a tenants' rights organization in Altgeld Gardens.[38] Obama also worked as a consultant and instructor for the Gamaliel Foundation, a community organizing institute.[39] In mid-1988, he traveled for the first time in Europe for three weeks and then for five weeks in Kenya, where he met many of his paternal relatives for the first time.[40][41] He returned to Kenya in 1992 with his fiancée Michelle and his sister Auma.[40][42] He returned to Kenya in August 2006 for a visit to his father's birthplace, a village near Kisumu in rural western Kenya.[43]
In late 1988, Obama entered Harvard Law School. He was selected as an editor of the Harvard Law Review at the end of his first year,[44] and president of the journal in his second year.[38][45]During his summers, he returned to Chicago, where he worked as an associate at the law firms of Sidley Austin in 1989 and Hopkins & Sutter in 1990.[46] After graduating with a J.D. magna cum laude[47] from Harvard in 1991, he returned to Chicago.[44] Obama's election as the first black president of the Harvard Law Review gained national media attention[38][45] and led to a publishing contract and advance for a book about race relations,[48] which evolved into a personal memoir. The manuscript was published in mid-1995 as Dreams from My Father.[48]
University of Chicago Law School and civil rights attorney
In 1991, Obama accepted a two-year position as Visiting Law and Government Fellow at the University of Chicago Law School to work on his first book.[48][49] He then taught at the University of Chicago Law School for twelve years—as a Lecturer from 1992 to 1996, and as a Senior Lecturer from 1996 to 2004—teaching constitutional law.[50]
From April to October 1992, Obama directed Illinois's Project Vote, a voter registration campaign with ten staffers and seven hundred volunteer registrars; it achieved its goal of registering 150,000 of 400,000 unregistered African Americans in the state, leading Crain's Chicago Business to name Obama to its 1993 list of "40 under Forty" powers to be.[51] In 1993, he joined Davis, Miner, Barnhill & Galland, a 13-attorney law firm specializing in civil rights litigation and neighborhood economic development, where he was an associate for three years from 1993 to 1996, then of counsel from 1996 to 2004. His law license became inactive in 2007.[52][53]
From 1994 to 2002, Obama served on the boards of directors of the Woods Fund of Chicago, which in 1985 had been the first foundation to fund the Developing Communities Project; and of theJoyce Foundation.[36] He served on the board of directors of the Chicago Annenberg Challenge from 1995 to 2002, as founding president and chairman of the board of directors from 1995 to 1999.[36]
Legislative career: 1997–2008
State Senator: 1997–2004
Main article: Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama
Obama was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1996, succeeding State Senator Alice Palmer as Senator from Illinois's 13th District, which at that time spanned Chicago South Side neighborhoods from Hyde Park – Kenwood south to South Shore and west to Chicago Lawn.[54] Once elected, Obama gained bipartisan support for legislation that reformed ethics and health care laws.[55] He sponsored a law that increased tax credits for low-income workers, negotiated welfare reform, and promoted increased subsidies for childcare.[56] In 2001, as co-chairman of the bipartisan Joint Committee on Administrative Rules, Obama supported Republican Governor Ryan's payday loan regulations and predatory mortgage lending regulations aimed at averting home foreclosures.[57]
Obama was reelected to the Illinois Senate in 1998, defeating Republican Yesse Yehudah in the general election, and was reelected again in 2002.[58] In 2000, he lost a Democratic primary racefor Illinois's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives to four-term incumbent Bobby Rush by a margin of two to one.[59]
In January 2003, Obama became chairman of the Illinois Senate's Health and Human Services Committee when Democrats, after a decade in the minority, regained a majority.[60] He sponsored and led unanimous, bipartisan passage of legislation to monitor racial profiling by requiring police to record the race of drivers they detained, and legislation making Illinois the first state to mandate videotaping of homicide interrogations.[56][61] During his 2004 general election campaign for U.S. Senate, police representatives credited Obama for his active engagement with police organizations in enacting death penalty reforms.[62] Obama resigned from the Illinois Senate in November 2004 following his election to the U.S. Senate.[63]
U.S. Senate campaign
Main article: United States Senate election in Illinois, 2004
In May 2002, Obama commissioned a poll to assess his prospects in a 2004 U.S. Senate race; he created a campaign committee, began raising funds, and lined up political media consultant David Axelrod by August 2002. Obama formally announced his candidacy in January 2003.[64]
Obama was an early opponent of the George W. Bush administration's 2003 invasion of Iraq.[65] On October 2, 2002, the day President Bush and Congress agreed on the joint resolution authorizing the Iraq War,[66] Obama addressed the first high-profile Chicago anti-Iraq War rally,[67] and spoke out against the war.[68] He addressed another anti-war rally in March 2003 and told the crowd that "it's not too late" to stop the war.[69]
Decisions by Republican incumbent Peter Fitzgerald and his Democratic predecessor Carol Moseley Braun to not participate in the election resulted in wide-open Democratic and Republican primary contests involving fifteen candidates.[70] In the March 2004 primary election, Obama won in an unexpected landslide—which overnight made him a rising star within the national Democratic Party, started speculation about a presidential future, and led to the reissue of his memoir,Dreams from My Father.[71] In July 2004, Obama delivered the keynote address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention,[72] seen by 9.1 million viewers. His speech was well received and elevated his status within the Democratic Party.[73]
Obama's expected opponent in the general election, Republican primary winner Jack Ryan, withdrew from the race in June 2004.[74] Six weeks later, Alan Keyesaccepted the Republican nomination to replace Ryan.[75] In the November 2004 general election, Obama won with 70 percent of the vote.[76]
U.S. Senator: 2005–2008
Main article: United States Senate career of Barack Obama
Obama was sworn in as a senator on January 3, 2005,[77] becoming the only Senate member of the Congressional Black Caucus.[78] CQ Weekly characterized him as a "loyal Democrat" based on analysis of all Senate votes in 2005–2007. Obama announced on November 13, 2008, that he would resign his Senate seat on November 16, 2008, before the start of the lame-duck session, to focus on his transition period for the presidency.[79]
Legislation
Obama cosponsored the Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act.[80] He introduced two initiatives that bore his name: Lugar–Obama, which expanded the Nunn–Lugar cooperative threat reduction concept to conventional weapons;[81] and the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006, which authorized the establishment of USAspending.gov, a web search engine on federal spending.[82] On June 3, 2008, Senator Obama—along with Senators Tom Carper, Tom Coburn, and John McCain—introduced follow-up legislation: Strengthening Transparency and Accountability in Federal Spending Act of 2008.[83]
Obama sponsored legislation that would have required nuclear plant owners to notify state and local authorities of radioactive leaks, but the bill failed to pass in the full Senate after being heavily modified in committee.[84] Regarding tort reform, Obama voted for the Class Action Fairness Act of 2005 and the FISA Amendments Act of 2008, which grants immunity from civil liability to telecommunications companies complicit with NSA warrantless wiretapping operations.[85]
In December 2006, President Bush signed into law the Democratic Republic of the Congo Relief, Security, and Democracy Promotion Act, marking the first federal legislation to be enacted with Obama as its primary sponsor.[87] In January 2007, Obama and Senator Feingold introduced a corporate jet provision to the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act, which was signed into law in September 2007.[88] Obama also introduced Deceptive Practices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act, a bill to criminalize deceptive practices in federal elections,[89] and the Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007,[90] neither of which was signed into law.
Later in 2007, Obama sponsored an amendment to the Defense Authorization Act to add safeguards for personality-disorder military discharges.[91] This amendment passed the full Senate in the spring of 2008.[92] He sponsored the Iran Sanctions Enabling Act supporting divestment of state pension funds from Iran's oil and gas industry, which has not passed committee; and co-sponsored legislation to reduce risks of nuclear terrorism.[93] Obama also sponsored a Senate amendment to the State Children's Health Insurance Program, providing one year of job protection for family members caring for soldiers with combat-related injuries.[94]
Committees
Obama held assignments on the Senate Committees for Foreign Relations, Environment and Public Works, and Veterans' Affairs through December 2006.[95] In January 2007, he left the Environment and Public Works committee and took additional assignments with Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions and Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.[96] He also became Chairman of the Senate's subcommittee on European Affairs.[97] As a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Obama made official trips to Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia and Africa. He met with Mahmoud Abbas before Abbas became President of the Palestinian National Authority, and gave a speech at the University of Nairobi in which he condemned corruption within the Kenyan government.[98]
Presidential campaigns
2008 presidential campaign
Main articles: United States presidential election, 2008, Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008, and Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008
On February 10, 2007, Obama announced his candidacy for President of the United States in front of the Old State Capitol building in Springfield, Illinois.[99][100] The choice of the announcement site was viewed as symbolic because it was also where Abraham Lincoln delivered his historic "House Divided" speech in 1858.[99][101] Obama emphasized issues of rapidly ending the Iraq War, increasing energy independence, and providing universal health care,[102] in a campaign that projected themes of "hope" and "change".[103]
A large number of candidates entered the Democratic Party presidential primaries. The field narrowed to a duel between Obama and Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton after early contests, with the race remaining close throughout the primary process but with Obama gaining a steady lead in pledgeddelegates due to better long-range planning, superior fundraising, dominant organizing in caucus states, and better exploitation of delegate allocation rules.[104] On June 7, 2008, Clinton ended her campaign and endorsed Obama.[105]
On August 23, Obama announced his selection of Delaware Senator Joe Biden as his vice presidential running mate.[106] Biden was selected from a field speculated to include former Indiana Governor and Senator Evan Bayh and Virginia Governor Tim Kaine.[107] At the Democratic National Conventionin Denver, Colorado, Hillary Clinton called for her supporters to endorse Obama, and she and Bill Clinton gave convention speeches in his support.[108]Obama delivered his acceptance speech, not at the center where the Democratic National Convention was held, but at Invesco Field at Mile High to a crowd of over 75,000; the speech was viewed by over 38 million people worldwide.[109][110]
During both the primary process and the general election, Obama's campaign set numerous fundraising records, particularly in the quantity of small donations.[111] On June 19, 2008, Obama became the first major-party presidential candidate to turn down public financing in the general election since the system was created in 1976.[112]
John McCain was nominated as the Republican candidate and the two engaged in three presidential debates in September and October 2008.[113] On November 4, Obama won the presidency with 365 electoral votes to 173 received by McCain.[114] Obama won 52.9% of the popular vote to McCain's 45.7%.[115] He became the first African American to be elected president.[116] Obama delivered his victory speech before hundreds of thousands of supporters in Chicago's Grant Park.[117]
2012 presidential campaign
Main articles: United States presidential election, 2012 and Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012
On April 4, 2011, Obama announced his re-election campaign for 2012 in a video titled "It Begins with Us" that he posted on his website and filed election papers with the Federal Election Commission.[118][119][120] As the incumbent president he ran almost unopposed in the Democratic Party presidential primaries,[121] and on April 3, 2012, Obama had secured the 2778 convention delegates needed to win the Democratic nomination.[122]
Presidency
Main article: Presidency of Barack Obama
See also: Confirmations of Barack Obama's Cabinet and List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama
First days
The inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th President took place on January 20, 2009. In his first few days in office, Obama issued executive orders and presidential memoranda directing the U.S. military to develop plans to withdraw troops from Iraq.[123] He ordered the closing of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp,[124] but Congress prevented the closure by refusing to appropriate the required funds.[125][126][127] Obama reduced the secrecy given to presidential records,[128] and changed procedures to promote disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act.[129] He also reversed George W. Bush'sban on federal funding to foreign establishments that allow abortions.[130]
Domestic policy
Main article: Barack Obama social policy
The first bill signed into law by Obama was the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, relaxing the statute of limitations for equal-pay lawsuits.[131] Five days later, he signed the reauthorization of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) to cover an additional 4 million uninsured children.[132] In March 2009, Obama reversed a Bush-era policy which had limited funding of embryonic stem cell research and pledged to develop "strict guidelines" on the research.[133]
Obama appointed two women to serve on the Supreme Court in the first two years of his Presidency. Sonia Sotomayor, nominated by Obama on May 26, 2009, to replace retiring Associate Justice David Souter, was confirmed on August 6, 2009,[134] becoming the first Hispanic Supreme Court Justice.[135] Elena Kagan, nominated by Obama on May 10, 2010, to replace retiring Associate Justice John Paul Stevens, was confirmed on August 5, 2010, bringing the number of women sitting simultaneously on the Court to three, for the first time in American history.[136]
On September 30, 2009, the Obama administration proposed new regulations on power plants, factories and oil refineries in an attempt to limit greenhouse gas emissions and to curb global warming.[137][138]
On October 8, 2009, Obama signed the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, a measure that expands the 1969 United States federal hate-crime law to include crimes motivated by a victim's actual or perceived gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, ordisability.[139][140]
On March 30, 2010, Obama signed the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, a reconciliation bill which ends the process of the federal government giving subsidies to private banks to give out federally insured loans, increases the Pell Grant scholarship award, and makes changes to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.[141][142]
In a major space policy speech in April 2010, Obama announced a planned change in direction at NASA, the U.S. space agency. He ended plans for a return of human spaceflight to the moonand development of the Ares I rocket, Ares V rocket and Constellation program, in favor of funding Earth science projects, a new rocket type, and research and development for an eventual manned mission to Mars, and ongoing missions to the International Space Station.[143]
On December 22, 2010, Obama signed the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010, fulfilling a key promise made in the 2008 presidential campaign[144][145] to end the Don't ask, don't tell policy of 1993 that had prevented gay and lesbian people from serving openly in the United States Armed Forces.[146]
President Obama's 2011 State of the Union Address focused on themes of education and innovation, stressing the importance of innovation economicsto make the United States more competitive globally. He spoke of a five-year freeze in domestic spending, eliminating tax breaks for oil companies and reversing tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans, banning congressional earmarks, and reducing healthcare costs. He promised that the United States would have one million electric vehicles on the road by 2015 and would be 80% reliant on "clean" electricity.[147][148]
As a candidate for the Illinois state senate Obama had said in 1996 that he favored legalizing same-sex marriage;[149] but by the time of his run for the U.S. senate in 2004, he said that while he supported civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex partners, for strategic reasons he opposed same-sex marriages.[150] On May 9, 2012, shortly after the official launch of his campaign for re-election as president, Obama said his views had evolved, and he publicly affirmed his personal support for the legalization of same-sex marriage, becoming the first sitting U.S. president to do so.[151][152]
Economic policy
Main article: Economic policy of Barack Obama
On February 17, 2009, Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, a $787 billion economic stimulus package aimed at helping the economy recover from the deepening worldwide recession.[153] The act includes increased federal spending for health care, infrastructure, education, various tax breaks and incentives, and direct assistance to individuals,[154] which is being distributed over the course of several years.
In March, Obama's Treasury Secretary, Timothy Geithner, took further steps to manage the financial crisis, including introducing the Public-Private Investment Program for Legacy Assets, which contains provisions for buying up to $2 trillion in depreciated real estate assets.[155] Obama intervened in the troubled automotive industry[156] in March 2009, renewing loans for General Motors and Chrysler to continue operations while reorganizing. Over the following months the White House set terms for both firms' bankruptcies, including the sale of Chrysler to Italian automaker Fiat[157] and areorganization of GM giving the U.S. government a temporary 60% equity stake in the company, with the Canadian government taking a 12% stake.[158]In June 2009, dissatisfied with the pace of economic stimulus, Obama called on his cabinet to accelerate the investment.[159] He signed into law theCar Allowance Rebate System, known colloquially as "Cash for Clunkers", that temporarily boosted the economy.[160][161][162]
Although spending and loan guarantees from the Federal Reserve and the Treasury Department authorized by the Bush and Obama administrations totaled about $11.5 trillion, only $3 trillion had been spent by the end of November 2009.[163] However, Obama and the Congressional Budget Officepredicted that the 2010 budget deficit will be $1.5 trillion or 10.6% of the nation's gross domestic product (GDP) compared to the 2009 deficit of $1.4 trillion or 9.9% of GDP.[164][165] For 2011, the administration predicted the deficit will slightly shrink to $1.34 trillion, while the 10-year deficit will increase to $8.53 trillion or 90% of GDP.[166]The most recent increase in the U.S. debt ceiling to $16.4 trillion was signed into law on January 26, 2012.[167] On August 2, 2011, after a lengthy congressional debate over whether to raise the nation's debt limit, Obama signed the bipartisan Budget Control Act of 2011. The legislation enforces limits on discretionary spending until 2021, establishes a procedure to increase the debt limit, creates a Congressional Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction to propose further deficit reduction with a stated goal of achieving at least $1.5 trillion in budgetary savings over 10 years, and establishes automatic procedures for reducing spending by as much as $1.2 trillion if legislation originating with the new joint select committee does not achieve such savings.[168] By passing the legislation, Congress was able to prevent an unprecedented U.S. government default on its obligations.[169]
The unemployment rate rose in 2009, reaching a peak in October at 10.1% and averaging 10.0% in the fourth quarter. Following a decrease to 9.7% in the first quarter of 2010, the unemployment rate fell to 9.6% in the second quarter, where it remained for the rest of the year.[172] Between February and December 2010, employment rose by 0.8%, which was less than the average of 1.9% experienced during comparable periods in the past four employment recoveries.[173]GDP growth returned in the third quarter of 2009, expanding at a rate of 1.6%, followed by a 5.0% increase in the fourth quarter.[174] Growth continued in 2010, posting an increase of 3.7% in the first quarter, with lesser gains throughout the rest of the year.[174] In July 2010, the Federal Reserve expressed that although economic activity continued to increase, its pace had slowed, and Chairman Ben Bernanke stated that the economic outlook was "unusually uncertain."[175]Overall, the economy expanded at a rate of 2.9% in 2010.[176]
The Congressional Budget Office and a broad range of economists credit Obama's stimulus plan for economic growth.[177][178] The CBO released a report stating that the stimulus bill increased employment by 1–2.1 million,[178][179][180][181] while conceding that "It is impossible to determine how many of the reported jobs would have existed in the absence of the stimulus package."[177] Although an April 2010 survey of members of the National Association for Business Economics showed an increase in job creation (over a similar January survey) for the first time in two years, 73% of 68 respondents believed that the stimulus bill has had no impact on employment.[182]
Within a month of the 2010 midterm elections, Obama announced a compromise deal with the Congressional Republican leadership that included a temporary, two-year extension of the 2001 and 2003 income tax rates, a one-year payroll taxreduction, continuation of unemployment benefits, and a new rate and exemption amount for estate taxes.[183] The compromise overcame opposition from some in both parties, and the resulting $858 billion Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 passed with bipartisan majorities in both houses of Congress before Obama signed it on December 17, 2010.[184]
Health care reform
Main article: Health care reform in the United States
Obama called for Congress to pass legislation reforming health care in the United States, a key campaign promise and a top legislative goal.[185] He proposed an expansion of health insurance coverage to cover the uninsured, to cap premium increases, and to allow people to retain their coverage when they leave or change jobs. His proposal was to spend $900 billion over 10 years and include a government insurance plan, also known as thepublic option, to compete with the corporate insurance sector as a main component to lowering costs and improving quality of health care. It would also make it illegal for insurers to drop sick people or deny them coverage for pre-existing conditions, and require every American carry health coverage. The plan also includes medical spending cuts and taxes on insurance companies that offer expensive plans.[186][187]
On July 14, 2009, House Democratic leaders introduced a 1,017-page plan for overhauling the U.S. health care system, which Obama wanted Congress to approve by the end of 2009.[185] After much public debate during the Congressional summer recess of 2009, Obama delivered a speech to a joint session of Congress on September 9 where he addressed concerns over the proposals.[188] In March 2009, Obama lifted a ban on using federal funds for stem cell research.[189]
On November 7, 2009, a health care bill featuring the public option was passed in the House.[190][191] On December 24, 2009, the Senate passed its own bill—without a public option—on a party-line vote of 60–39.[192] On March 21, 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act passed by the Senate in December was passed in the House by a vote of 219 to 212.[193] Obama signed the bill into law on March 23, 2010.[194]
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act includes health-related provisions to take effect over four years, including expandingMedicaid eligibility for people making up to 133% of the federal poverty level (FPL) starting in 2014,[195] subsidizing insurance premiums for people making up to 400% of the FPL ($88,000 for family of four in 2010) so their maximum "out-of-pocket" payment for annual premiums will be from 2 to 9.5% of income,[196][197] providing incentives for businesses to provide health care benefits, prohibiting denial of coverage and denial of claims based on pre-existing conditions, establishing health insurance exchanges, prohibiting annual coverage caps, and support for medical research. According to White House and Congressional Budget Office figures, the maximum share of income that enrollees would have to pay would vary depending on their income relative to the federal poverty level.[196][198]
The costs of these provisions are offset by taxes, fees, and cost-saving measures, such as new Medicare taxes for those in high-incomebrackets, taxes on indoor tanning, cuts to the Medicare Advantage program in favor of traditional Medicare, and fees on medical devices and pharmaceutical companies;[199] there is also a tax penalty for those who do not obtain health insurance, unless they are exempt due to low income or other reasons.[200] In March, 2010, the Congressional Budget Office estimated that the net effect of both laws will be a reduction in the federal deficit by $143 billion over the first decade.[201]
The law faced several legal challenges, primarily based on the argument that an individual mandate requiring Americans to buy health insurance was unconstitutional. On June 28, 2012, the Supreme Court ruled by a 5–4 vote in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius that the Commerce Clause does not allow the government to require people to buy health insurance, but the mandate was constitutional under the US Congress's taxing authority.[202]
Gulf of Mexico oil spill
On April 20, 2010, an explosion destroyed an offshore drilling rig at the Macondo Prospect in the Gulf of Mexico, causing a major sustained oil leak. The well's operator, BP, initiated a containment and cleanup plan, and began drilling two relief wells intended to stop the flow. Obama visited the Gulf on May 2 among visits by members of his cabinet, and again on May 28 and June 4. On May 22, he announced a federal investigation and formed a bipartisan commission to recommend new safety standards, after a review by Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar and concurrent Congressional hearings. On May 27, he announced a 6-month moratorium on new deepwater drilling permits and leases, pending regulatory review.[203] As multiple efforts by BP failed, some in the media and public expressed confusion and criticism over various aspects of the incident, and stated a desire for more involvement by Obama and the federal government.[204]
Foreign policy
Main articles: Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration and Barack Obama foreign policy
In February and March, Vice President Joe Biden and Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton made separate overseas trips to announce a "new era" in U.S. foreign relations with Russia and Europe, using the terms "break" and "reset" to signal major changes from the policies of the preceding administration.[205] Obama attempted to reach out to Arab leaders by granting his first interview to an Arab cable TV network, Al Arabiya.[206]
On March 19, Obama continued his outreach to the Muslim world, releasing a New Year's video message to the people and government of Iran.[207] This attempt was rebuffed by the Iranian leadership.[208] In April, Obama gave a speech in Ankara, Turkey, which was well received by many Arab governments.[209] On June 4, 2009, Obama delivered a speech at Cairo University in Egypt calling for "a new beginning" in relations between the Islamic world and the United States and promoting Middle East peace.[210]
On June 26, 2009, in response to the Iranian government's actions towards protesters following Iran's 2009 presidential election, Obama said: "The violence perpetrated against them is outrageous. We see it and we condemn it."[211] On July 7, while in Moscow, he responded to a Vice President Biden comment on a possible Israeli military strike on Iran by saying: "We have said directly to the Israelis that it is important to try and resolve this in an international setting in a way that does not create major conflict in the Middle East."[212]
On September 24, 2009, Obama became the first sitting U.S. president to preside over a meeting of the United Nations Security Council.[213]
In March 2010, Obama took a public stance against plans by the government of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to continue building Jewish housing projects in predominantly Arab neighborhoods of East Jerusalem.[214][215] During the same month, an agreement was reached with the administration of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev to replace the1991 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty with a new pact reducing the number of long-range nuclear weapons in the arsenals of both countries by about one-third.[216] The New START treaty was signed by Obama and Medvedev in April 2010, and was ratified by the U.S. Senate in December 2010.[217]
On December 6, 2011, he instructed agencies to consider LGBT rights when issuing financial aid to foreign countries.[218]
Iraq War
On February 27, 2009, Obama declared that combat operations in Iraq would end within 18 months. His remarks were made to a group of Marines preparing for deployment to Afghanistan. Obama said, "Let me say this as plainly as I can: by August 31, 2010, our combat mission in Iraq will end."[219] The Obama administration scheduled the withdrawal of combat troops to be completed by August 2010, decreasing troops levels from 142,000 while leaving a transitional force of 35,000 to 50,000 in Iraq until the end of 2011.[needs update] On August 19, 2010, the last United States combat brigade exited Iraq. Remaining troops transitioned from combat operations to counter-terrorism and the training, equipping, and advising of Iraqi security forces.[220][221] On August 31, 2010, Obama announced that the United States combat mission in Iraq was over.[222] On October 21, 2011 President Obama announced that all U.S. troops would leave Iraq in time to be "home for the holidays".[223]
War in Afghanistan
Main article: War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
Early in his presidency, Obama moved to bolster U.S. troop strength in Afghanistan.[224] He announced an increase to U.S. troop levels of 17,000 in February 2009 to "stabilize a deteriorating situation in Afghanistan", an area he said had not received the "strategic attention, direction and resources it urgently requires".[225] He replaced the military commander in Afghanistan, GeneralDavid D. McKiernan, with former Special Forces commander Lt. Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal in May 2009, indicating that McChrystal's Special Forces experience would facilitate the use of counterinsurgency tactics in the war.[226] On December 1, 2009, Obama announced the deployment of an additional 30,000 military personnel to Afghanistan.[227] He also proposed to begin troop withdrawals 18 months from that date.[228][needs update] McChrystal was replaced by David Petraeus in June 2010, after McChrystal's staff criticized White House personnel in a magazine article.[229]
Israel
During the initial years of the Obama administration, the U.S. increased military cooperation with Israel, including increased military aid, re-establishment of the U.S.-Israeli Joint Political Military Group and the Defense Policy Advisory Group, and an increase in visits among high-level military officials of both countries.[230]
In 2011, the United States vetoed a Security Council resolution condemning Israeli settlements, with the United States being the only nation to do so.[231] Obama supports the two-state solution to the Arab–Israeli conflict based on the 1967 borders with land swaps.[232]
War in Libya
Main article: 2011 military intervention in Libya
In March 2011, as forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi advanced on rebels across Libya, calls for a no-fly zone came from around the world, including Europe, the Arab League, and a resolution[233] passed unanimously by the U.S. Senate.[234] In response to the unanimous passage of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 on March 17, Gaddafi who had previously vowed to "show no mercy" to the rebels of Benghazi[235]—announced an immediate cessation of military activities,[236] yet reports came in that his forces continued shelling Misrata. The next day, on Obama's orders, the U.S. military took a lead role in air strikes to destroy the Libyan government's air defense capabilities to protect civilians and enforce a no-fly-zone,[237] including the use of Tomahawk missiles, B-2 Spirits, and fighter jets.[238][239][240] Six days later, on March 25, by unanimous vote of all of its 28 members, NATO took over leadership of the effort, dubbed Operation Unified Protector.[241] Some Representatives[242] questioned whether Obama had the constitutional authority to order military action in addition to questioning its cost, structure and aftermath.[243][244]
Osama bin Laden
Main article: Death of Osama bin Laden
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Starting with information received in July 2010, intelligence developed by the CIA over the next several months determined what they believed to be the location of Osama bin Laden in a large compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, a suburban area 35 miles from Islamabad.[245] CIA head Leon Panettareported this intelligence to President Obama in March 2011.[245] Meeting with his national security advisers over the course of the next six weeks, Obama rejected a plan to bomb the compound, and authorized a "surgical raid" to be conducted by United States Navy SEALs.[245] The operation took place on May 1, 2011, resulting in the death of bin Laden and the seizure of papers, computer drives and disks from the compound.[246][247] Bin Laden's body was identified through DNA testing,[248] and buried at sea several hours later.[249] Within minutes of the President's announcement from Washington, DC, late in the evening on May 1, there were spontaneous celebrations around the country as crowds gathered outside the White House, and at New York City's Ground Zero and Times Square.[246][250] Reaction to the announcement was positive across party lines, including from former Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush,[251] and from many countries around the world.[252]
2010 midterm election
Obama called the November 2, 2010 election, where the Democratic Party lost 63 seats in, and control of, the House of Representatives,[253]"humbling" and a "shellacking".[254] He said that the results came because not enough Americans had felt the effects of the economic recovery.[255]
Cultural and political image
Main article: Public image of Barack Obama
Obama's family history, upbringing, and Ivy League education differ markedly from those of African American politicians who launched their careers in the 1960s through participation in the civil rights movement.[257] Expressing puzzlement over questions about whether he is "black enough", Obama told an August 2007 meeting of the National Association of Black Journalists that "we're still locked in this notion that if you appeal to white folks then there must be something wrong".[258] Obama acknowledged his youthful image in an October 2007 campaign speech, saying: "I wouldn't be here if, time and again, the torch had not been passed to a new generation."[259]
Obama is frequently referred to as an exceptional orator.[260] During his pre-inauguration transition period and continuing into his presidency, Obama has delivered a series of weekly Internet video addresses.[261]
According to the Gallup Organization, Obama began his presidency with a 68% approval rating[262] before gradually declining for the rest of the year, and eventually bottoming out at 41% in August 2010,[263] a trend similar to Ronald Reagan's and Bill Clinton's first years in office.[264] He experienced a small poll bounce shortly after the death of Osama bin Laden, which lasted until around June 2011, when his approval numbers dropped back to where they were prior to the operation.[265][266][267] Polls show strong support for Obama in other countries,[268] and before being elected President he met with prominent foreign figures including British Prime Minister Tony Blair,[269] Italy's Democratic Party leader and Mayor of Rome Walter Veltroni,[270] and French President Nicolas Sarkozy.[271]
In a February 2009 poll conducted by Harris Interactive for France 24 and the International Herald Tribune, Obama was rated as the most respected world leader, as well as the most powerful.[272] In a similar poll conducted by Harris in May 2009, Obama was rated as the most popular world leader, as well as the one figure most people would pin their hopes on for pulling the world out of the economic downturn.[273][274]
Obama won Best Spoken Word Album Grammy Awards for abridged audiobook versions of Dreams from My Father in February 2006 and for The Audacity of Hope in February 2008.[275] His concession speech after the New Hampshire primary was set to music by independent artists as the music video "Yes We Can", which was viewed 10 million times on YouTube in its first month[276] and received a Daytime Emmy Award.[277] In December 2008, Time magazine named Obama as its Person of the Year for his historic candidacy and election, which it described as "the steady march of seemingly impossible accomplishments".[278]
On October 9, 2009, the Norwegian Nobel Committee announced that Obama had won the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize "for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples".[279] Obama accepted this award in Oslo, Norway on December 10, 2009, with "deep gratitude and great humility."[280] The award drew a mixture of praise and criticism from world leaders and media figures.[281][282] Obama is the fourth U.S. president to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and the third to become a Nobel laureate while in office.
Family and personal life
In a 2006 interview, Obama highlighted the diversity of his extended family: "It's like a little mini-United Nations", he said. "I've got relatives who look likeBernie Mac, and I've got relatives who look like Margaret Thatcher."[283] Obama has a half-sister with whom he was raised (Maya Soetoro-Ng, the daughter of his mother and her Indonesian second husband) and seven half-siblings from his Kenyan father's family – six of them living.[284] Obama's mother was survived by her Kansas-born mother, Madelyn Dunham,[285] until her death on November 2, 2008,[286] two days before his election to the Presidency. Obama also has roots in Ireland; he met with his Irish cousins in Moneygall in May 2011.[287] In Dreams from My Father, Obama ties his mother's family history to possible Native American ancestors and distant relatives of Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of Americaduring the American Civil War.[288]
Obama was known as "Barry" in his youth, but asked to be addressed with his given name during his college years.[289] Besides his native English, Obama speaks Indonesian at a conversational level, having learned the language during his four childhood years in Jakarta.[290] He plays basketball, a sport he participated in as a member of his high school's varsity team.[291]
Obama is a supporter of the Chicago White Sox, and he threw out the first pitch at the 2005 ALCS when he was still a senator.[292] In 2009, he threw out the ceremonial first pitch at the all star game while wearing a White Sox jacket.[293] He is also primarily a Chicago Bears football fan in the NFL, but in his childhood and adolescence was a fan of the Pittsburgh Steelers, and rooted for them ahead of their victory in Super Bowl XLIII 12 days after he took office as President.[294] In 2011, Obama invited the 1985 Chicago Bears to the White House; the team had not visited the White House after their Super Bowl win in 1986 due to the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.[295]
In June 1989, Obama met Michelle Robinson when he was employed as a summer associate at the Chicago law firm of Sidley Austin.[296] Assigned for three months as Obama's adviser at the firm, Robinson joined him at group social functions, but declined his initial requests to date.[297] They began dating later that summer, became engaged in 1991, and were married on October 3, 1992.[298] The couple's first daughter, Malia Ann, was born on July 4, 1998,[299] followed by a second daughter, Natasha ("Sasha"), on June 10, 2001.[300] The Obama daughters attended the private University of Chicago Laboratory Schools. When they moved to Washington, D.C., in January 2009, the girls started at the private Sidwell Friends School.[301] The Obamas have a Portuguese Water Dog named Bo, a gift from Senator Ted Kennedy.[302]
Applying the proceeds of a book deal, the family moved in 2005 from a Hyde Park, Chicago condominium to a $1.6 million house in neighboring Kenwood, Chicago.[303] The purchase of an adjacent lot—and sale of part of it to Obama by the wife of developer, campaign donor and friend Tony Rezko—attracted media attention because of Rezko's subsequent indictment and conviction on political corruption charges that were unrelated to Obama.[304]
In December 2007, Money estimated the Obama family's net worth at $1.3 million.[305] Their 2009 tax return showed a household income of $5.5 million—up from about $4.2 million in 2007 and $1.6 million in 2005—mostly from sales of his books.[306][307] On his 2010 income of $1.7 million, he gave 14% to non-profit organizations, including $131,000 to Fisher House Foundation, a charity assisting wounded veterans' families, allowing them to reside near where the veteran is receiving medical treatments.[308][309] As per his 2012 financial disclosure, Obama may be worth as much as $10 million.[310]
Obama tried to quit smoking several times, sometimes using nicotine replacement therapy, and, in early 2010, Michelle Obama said that he had successfully quit smoking.[311][312]
Religious views
Obama is a Christian whose religious views developed in his adult life. He wrote in The Audacity of Hope that he "was not raised in a religious household". He described his mother, raised by non-religious parents (who Obama has specified elsewhere as "non-practicing Methodists and Baptists"), to be detached from religion, yet "in many ways the most spiritually awakened person that I have ever known". He described his father as a "confirmed atheist" by the time his parents met, and his stepfather as "a man who saw religion as not particularly useful". Obama explained how, through working with black churches as a community organizer while in his twenties, he came to understand "the power of the African-American religious tradition to spur social change".[313]
In an interview with the evangelical periodical Christianity Today, Obama stated: "I am a Christian, and I am a devout Christian. I believe in the redemptive death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. I believe that that faith gives me a path to be cleansed of sin and have eternal life."[314] On September 27, 2010, Obama released a statement commenting on his religious views saying "I'm a Christian by choice. My family didn't—frankly, they weren't folks who went to church every week. And my mother was one of the most spiritual people I knew, but she didn't raise me in the church. So I came to my Christian faith later in life, and it was because the precepts of Jesus Christ spoke to me in terms of the kind of life that I would want to lead—being my brothers' and sisters' keeper, treating others as they would treat me."[315][316]
Obama was baptized at the Trinity United Church of Christ in 1988, and was an active member there for two decades.[317] Obama resigned from Trinity during the Presidential campaign aftercontroversial statements made by Rev. Jeremiah Wright became public.[318] After a prolonged effort to find a church to attend regularly in Washington, Obama announced in June 2009 that his primary place of worship would be the Evergreen Chapel at Camp David.[319]
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